Holiday Break Assignment

Midterm Book Review

Review each of the following sections and take annotated notes.

This will be a graded assignment as part of midterm review.

• Cell Structure and Function
• Passive and Active Transport
• Mitosis/Meiosis
• Macromolecules
• Enzymes
• Photosynthesis
• Cellular Respiration
• DNA replication
• Protein Synthesis
• Evolution

Microevoultion

Voyage of the odyssey - videos of the galapagos
http://www.pbs.org/odyssey/odyssey/galapagos_logs.html

More cool videos from National Geographic
http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/places/parks-and-nature-places/coasts-and-islands/ecuador_galapagos.html

MANY helpful websites that explain the mechanisms of evolution
http://www.uh.edu/sibs/tutorial/genbiol2.htm#evolution

Fruit Fly Genetics

An interactive website on fruit flies:
http://www.sciencecourseware.org/vcise/drosophila/Drosophila.php?guestaccess=1

Order two sets of flies:
1 - just noting specific eye color for the parents (this will be a monohybrid cross)
2 - order and note a wild type for eye color and wing shape and a mutant for both eye color and wing shape.

Example data for the dihybrid cross:
White eyes noted by “W” & vestigial wings by “vg”both are mutations and recessive
•Parental cross =
–wild type (X+X+++) female
–and XWYvgvg male
•F1
–607 wild type female
–603 wild type males
•F2
–458 wild type female
–225 wild type males
–151 red eyes and vestigial wings female
–88 red eye and vestigial wings male
–215 white eyes and normal wings male
–67 white eyes and vestigial wings male


RECORD all data for parents, F1 and F2 generation....

The Analysis?

Chi Square Analysis

•If the chi square value is higher than the critical value, the null hypothesis is rejected. If probability is lower than critical probability (we’re told is .05) the null hypothesis is also rejected.
•The probabilities given on the table is
•The probability the observed and expected results being EXACTLY the same.

Lab #7 Genetics of Organisms Post Lab Analysis worth 50 points

Date	Observations/ Tables	Questions	Total pts possible: 50 pts total
Week 1	Draw the possible parental flies and label their phenotypic characteristics. We probably never got to “observe” these, only their offspring (the F1 generation)	What does a Wild-type fly look like?	5pts
Week 2	Table 7.1 notations of F1 sex & corresponding mutations. Label your data found in each vial separately.	Read through #1-5 and consider implications of data thus far…	4pts
Week 3	N/A
Week 4	Table 7.2 notations of F2 sex & corresponding mutations.	#1-7 AND discussion questions #1-3	Table 7.2 4pts #1-7 – 21pts #1-3 – 6 pts
Statistical Analysis	Example #1 (table 7.3 & 7.4)	Practice problems a-c and (i) & (ii)	10pts

Conclusion Questions #1-7 (28 points)

1. Description of the mutations possible for each vial.

Vial 1 – (eyes and sex-linked)

Vial 2 – eyes and wings (dominantly inherited and linked traits)

2. Provide 2 null hypothesis (If…., then….)

A null hypothesis is what you expected (based on the punnett square)

3. Punnett Squares: Your expected data for BOTH vials and BOTH generations

Vial 1 – Eyes only (sex-linked)

What must the parents’ genotypes have been? Use the F1 offspring:

Vial 2 – Eyes and wings (linked; therefore, a dihybrid cross)

Predict parents to get F1 offspring inside Use F1 as parents & F2 offspring inside

4. Table

Vial and generation	Phenotypic ratio	Genotypic ratio
Vial 1 – F1
Vial 1 – F2
Vial 2 – F1
Vial 2 – F2

5. Do the actual (observed) deviated from the expected (punnett squares)?

(for both vial 1 & 2)

6. Add an extra column to include both vial 1 and 2

7. Do the full chi square analysis for BOTH vials. Show all your work.
1. Degrees of freedom for sex-linked eyes – (n-1)
2. Degrees of freedom for linked eyes and wings – (n-1)

Ch16 DNA replication & Ch17 Protein Synthesis

Visit www.DNAi.org for a comprehensive picture of DNA's structure and the history of it's finding

There are sooo many models available for describing DNA replication - find one that makes sense to YOU!

Look for animations through google. UTube will also have some good ones. Share ones you find in "comments".

As you watch animations, ask: 1. What enzymes are invovled? How are the leading and lagging strands created?
DNA replication: Animation at - http://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAreplication.html

ATP verses nucleoside triphosphate

Cellular Respiration

Know this:

Review this animation for a quick overview: http://www.qcc.cuny.edu/BiologicalSciences/Faculty/DMeyer/respiration.html

Review this animation for more details of glycolysis:

http://www.johnkyrk.com/glycolysis.html

and

http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/Courses/biomi290/MOVIES/GLYCOLYSIS.HTML

Review this for more details of krebs cycle:

http://www.wiley.com/college/pratt/0471393878/student/animations/citric_acid_cycle/index.html

Oxidative phosophorylation explained:

http://www.chem.purdue.edu/courses/chm333/oxidative_phosphorylation.swf

Photosynthesis

Know this by heart:

Review this animation for light reactions: http://www.johnkyrk.com/photosynthesis.html

Review this for dark reactions (Calvin Cycle): http://www.johnkyrk.com/photosynthesisdark.html

Diffusion and Osmosis

A water potential tutorial: http://www.neosci.com/demos/10-1041_Cell%20Processes/Presentation_6.html

Osmosis and permeability tutorials: http://biog-101-104.bio.cornell.edu/BioG101_104/tutorials/osmosis.html


Lab 1: Diffusion and Osmosis: http://www.ekcsk12.org/faculty/jbuckley/aplabreview/lab01.htm

How do the cell organelles mirror the functions of body organs?

This link shows the organelles and distinguishing characteristics of Prokayotes and eukaryotes:

http://www.biology.arizona.edu/CELL_BIO/tutorials/pev/main.html



The following link is a table that shows a comparison of pants vs animal cells: http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/CURR/science/sciber00/7th/cells/sciber/orgtable.htm



This video is 17 minutes of a blast from the past. Really, the video seems like it was made in the 70's, but does an excellent job showing images of the organelles and explaining the current theory of how eukaryotic cells arose from prokaryotes. The enitre thing is worth watching, but you could start at 11 minutes in for just the explanation of symbiosis's role.

What this is the endosymbiotic theory??

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zufaN_aetZI

Summer time AP Biology preparations

AP Central provides an excellent overview of what you can expect in AP Biology at
http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/ap/sub_bio.html?biology

Texts: Biology by Campbell/ Reece 5th edition will be checked out for students to use at home during notetaking. (several people have checked these out for use over the summer, if you missed that opportunity, then consider purchasing the book on your own from Amazon ~$5)
Our text for use during class is Biology by Campbell/ Reece the 8th Edition

Web resources to help in your review:
If you discover additional websites that would be helpful in learning about any of the listed topics, please respond through a comment and share that website...

A. Cells and Plant cells specifically: http://www.life.uiuc.edu/cgi-bin/plantbio/cell/cell.cgi
Prokaryotes verses Eukaryotes
Cell organelles and their function

B. Cell Membrane with visuals: http://www.johnkyrk.com/cellmembrane.html
Structure
Function in transport and homeostasis

C. Metabolism and energy in cells
Chemistry for biology review. Plus, problem sets in all areas, onion tip simulation, and smoke in lungs lab:
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/DEFAULT.html
ATP as the energy currency
http://www.biologyinmotion.com/atp/index.html
Enzymes: make-up and general functions
http://www.biologyinmotion.com/minilec/wrench.html

D. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis: A bit advanced, but very helpful site modeling the processes: http://www.johnkyrk.com/
General equation and purpose
CO2/ O2 Cycle
Role of producers and consumers in ecosystems

E. Cell division: Fantastic review of Cell division and general cell size.
http://www.cellsalive.com/cell_cycle.htm
Cell cycle
Binary fission and mitosis
Meiosis
Sexual vs. asexual reproduction

F. Genetics: Comprehensive Genetics site http://www.dnalc.org/home.html
Mendel’s experiments
Genetic crosses using punnett squares
DNA, RNA, & proteins
DNA Replication, transcription, and translation

G. Evolution:
Theories http://tolweb.org/tree/phylogeny.html
Darwin and Natural Selection http://www.actionbioscience.org/evolution/index.html
Evidence for evolution

DNA replication and Protein Synthesis

DNA replication:
Animation at - http://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAreplication.htmlProtein Synthesis:
Basic animation at - http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objID=AP1302

Classification of life

Here's a table to help you compare the various domains

http://www.bio.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/scimeth/c8.27.table2.domains.jpg

Cells and cell function

Helpful websites:
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/cells/intro.html

Review of AP labs

Links to reviews of all 12 labs:
http://www.ekcsk12.org/faculty/jbuckley/aplabreview/index.htm

See below for direct links:
Lab 1: Diffusion and Osmosis
http://www.ekcsk12.org/faculty/jbuckley/aplabreview/lab01.htm

Tools for learning

http://www.thinkfinity.org/ http://biology.arizona.edu/sciconn/lessons2/lessons.html http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/

Reviewing for the AP biology exam

Purchase a review book of your own and begin reading the sections as the class covers them. Do practice problems and look-up ones that you get wrong. Mark-up these books to show helpful ways you think you'l remember things.

Web review:
General review: http://www.jdenuno.com/APBiology/APBioCTY.htm

Root words pdf: http://www.jdenuno.com/PDFfiles/RootWords.pdf

Keep an orderly notebook, grouped by topic. Draw your ideas and keep them a large reference pages.... Use the activity discs from the Campbel Biology and run through practice questions.

Plants and Transpiration

Transpiration Lab: http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab9/intro.html
Complete each activity and move to the "next".

Type-up the analysis of results from the AP packet....
http://www.ekcsk12.org/faculty/jbuckley/aplabreview/transpirationlab.htm

Review of this lab 9:
http://www.ekcsk12.org/faculty/jbuckley/apbio/transpirationactivities.htm

A water potential tutorial:
http://www.neosci.com/demos/10-1041_Cell%20Processes/Presentation_6.html

Osmosis and permeability tutorials: http://biog-101-104.bio.cornell.edu/BioG101_104/tutorials/osmosis.html

Practicing for the AP Biology Essay

What strategies do you recommend for taking the free-response? Share your ideas in the "comments" section.

Section II: Free-Response In the free-response section, you'll be asked to write persuasive and coherent essays for four broad questions. Your answers will demonstrate your reasoning and analytical skills, as well as your ability to synthesize material from several sources. Each of the four essays is given equal consideration when tallying your final score. The free-response section usually includes: one question on molecules and cells one on genetics and evolution two on organisms and populations (usually one of these requires an experimental set-up) But, since there is some overlap between these areas, some questions may cover more than one topic. Also, keep in mind that the questions may go beyond your book learning and require you to analyze and interpret data or information from your laboratory experience. Remember to write all answers to the free-response questions in essay form. Outlines and unlabeled diagrams are not acceptable final answers.
The free response make-up 40% of your toal AP score. You will have: 90 minutes to complete 4 essays. There will be a 10 minute "reading" time before you are allowed to open your "blue book" and begin writing.

21 tips on tackling the essays:
http://kvhs.nbed.nb.ca/gallant/biology/free_response_tips.html

Older essays with rubric by Topic: http://apbio.biosci.uga.edu/exam/essays/html/index.html#subject

Newer essays by year: http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/ap/biology/samp.html?biology