Microevoultion

Voyage of the odyssey - videos of the galapagos
http://www.pbs.org/odyssey/odyssey/galapagos_logs.html

More cool videos from National Geographic
http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/places/parks-and-nature-places/coasts-and-islands/ecuador_galapagos.html

MANY helpful websites that explain the mechanisms of evolution
http://www.uh.edu/sibs/tutorial/genbiol2.htm#evolution

Fruit Fly Genetics

An interactive website on fruit flies:
http://www.sciencecourseware.org/vcise/drosophila/Drosophila.php?guestaccess=1

Order two sets of flies:
1 - just noting specific eye color for the parents (this will be a monohybrid cross)
2 - order and note a wild type for eye color and wing shape and a mutant for both eye color and wing shape.

Example data for the dihybrid cross:
White eyes noted by “W” & vestigial wings by “vg”both are mutations and recessive
•Parental cross =
–wild type (X+X+++) female
–and XWYvgvg male
•F1
–607 wild type female
–603 wild type males
•F2
–458 wild type female
–225 wild type males
–151 red eyes and vestigial wings female
–88 red eye and vestigial wings male
–215 white eyes and normal wings male
–67 white eyes and vestigial wings male


RECORD all data for parents, F1 and F2 generation....

The Analysis?

Chi Square Analysis

•If the chi square value is higher than the critical value, the null hypothesis is rejected. If probability is lower than critical probability (we’re told is .05) the null hypothesis is also rejected.
•The probabilities given on the table is
•The probability the observed and expected results being EXACTLY the same.

Lab #7 Genetics of Organisms Post Lab Analysis worth 50 points

Date	Observations/ Tables	Questions	Total pts possible: 50 pts total
Week 1	Draw the possible parental flies and label their phenotypic characteristics. We probably never got to “observe” these, only their offspring (the F1 generation)	What does a Wild-type fly look like?	5pts
Week 2	Table 7.1 notations of F1 sex & corresponding mutations. Label your data found in each vial separately.	Read through #1-5 and consider implications of data thus far…	4pts
Week 3	N/A
Week 4	Table 7.2 notations of F2 sex & corresponding mutations.	#1-7 AND discussion questions #1-3	Table 7.2 4pts #1-7 – 21pts #1-3 – 6 pts
Statistical Analysis	Example #1 (table 7.3 & 7.4)	Practice problems a-c and (i) & (ii)	10pts

Conclusion Questions #1-7 (28 points)

1. Description of the mutations possible for each vial.

Vial 1 – (eyes and sex-linked)

Vial 2 – eyes and wings (dominantly inherited and linked traits)

2. Provide 2 null hypothesis (If…., then….)

A null hypothesis is what you expected (based on the punnett square)

3. Punnett Squares: Your expected data for BOTH vials and BOTH generations

Vial 1 – Eyes only (sex-linked)

What must the parents’ genotypes have been? Use the F1 offspring:

Vial 2 – Eyes and wings (linked; therefore, a dihybrid cross)

Predict parents to get F1 offspring inside Use F1 as parents & F2 offspring inside

4. Table

Vial and generation	Phenotypic ratio	Genotypic ratio
Vial 1 – F1
Vial 1 – F2
Vial 2 – F1
Vial 2 – F2

5. Do the actual (observed) deviated from the expected (punnett squares)?

(for both vial 1 & 2)

6. Add an extra column to include both vial 1 and 2

7. Do the full chi square analysis for BOTH vials. Show all your work.
1. Degrees of freedom for sex-linked eyes – (n-1)
2. Degrees of freedom for linked eyes and wings – (n-1)

Ch16 DNA replication & Ch17 Protein Synthesis

Visit www.DNAi.org for a comprehensive picture of DNA's structure and the history of it's finding

There are sooo many models available for describing DNA replication - find one that makes sense to YOU!

Look for animations through google. UTube will also have some good ones. Share ones you find in "comments".

As you watch animations, ask: 1. What enzymes are invovled? How are the leading and lagging strands created?
DNA replication: Animation at - http://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAreplication.html

ATP verses nucleoside triphosphate

Cellular Respiration

Know this:

Review this animation for a quick overview: http://www.qcc.cuny.edu/BiologicalSciences/Faculty/DMeyer/respiration.html

Review this animation for more details of glycolysis:

http://www.johnkyrk.com/glycolysis.html

and

http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/Courses/biomi290/MOVIES/GLYCOLYSIS.HTML

Review this for more details of krebs cycle:

http://www.wiley.com/college/pratt/0471393878/student/animations/citric_acid_cycle/index.html

Oxidative phosophorylation explained:

http://www.chem.purdue.edu/courses/chm333/oxidative_phosphorylation.swf

Photosynthesis

Know this by heart:

Review this animation for light reactions: http://www.johnkyrk.com/photosynthesis.html

Review this for dark reactions (Calvin Cycle): http://www.johnkyrk.com/photosynthesisdark.html

Diffusion and Osmosis

A water potential tutorial: http://www.neosci.com/demos/10-1041_Cell%20Processes/Presentation_6.html

Osmosis and permeability tutorials: http://biog-101-104.bio.cornell.edu/BioG101_104/tutorials/osmosis.html


Lab 1: Diffusion and Osmosis: http://www.ekcsk12.org/faculty/jbuckley/aplabreview/lab01.htm

How do the cell organelles mirror the functions of body organs?

This link shows the organelles and distinguishing characteristics of Prokayotes and eukaryotes:

http://www.biology.arizona.edu/CELL_BIO/tutorials/pev/main.html



The following link is a table that shows a comparison of pants vs animal cells: http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/CURR/science/sciber00/7th/cells/sciber/orgtable.htm



This video is 17 minutes of a blast from the past. Really, the video seems like it was made in the 70's, but does an excellent job showing images of the organelles and explaining the current theory of how eukaryotic cells arose from prokaryotes. The enitre thing is worth watching, but you could start at 11 minutes in for just the explanation of symbiosis's role.

What this is the endosymbiotic theory??

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zufaN_aetZI